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183 lines
6.7 KiB
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183 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
# How-To: `pos system`
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Host care: encrypted backups, firewall, and the health dashboard. Tools:
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`backup`, `firewall`, `health`.
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| Tool | What it does |
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|------|--------------|
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| `pos system health` | Host health dashboard (disk, RAM, services, backup age, fail2ban, docker) |
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| `pos system backup` | gpg-encrypted (AES-256) folder snapshots |
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| `pos system firewall` | Interactive UFW ("UFW POWER") management |
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---
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## `pos system health` — host health dashboard
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```bash
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pos system health # console report; exits 1 if any check FAILs
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pos system health --send # also send the summary via notify platforms
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pos system health --markdown # same, markdown parse mode (implies --send)
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```
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Checks: disk per mount (>90% = FAIL), RAM/swap, failed systemd units, backup
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age, fail2ban, docker containers. Header shows hostname, uptime, load, public IP.
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`--help` prints the **effective** config values (env > `system.env` > default),
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e.g.:
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```
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Environment (effective values):
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NOTIFY_PLATFORM telegram
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HEALTH_BACKUP_MAX_AGE_DAYS 2
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BACKUP_SERVICE_ROOTS /srv $HOME/srv
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```
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(`$HOME` is resolved at runtime — on this host that is `/srv /home/unknown/srv`.)
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### Configuration
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```bash
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# ~/.config/linux_post_install/system.env (comment-only defaults — uncomment to override)
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BACKUP_SERVICE_ROOTS=/srv $HOME/srv # roots for backup-age check + backup --service
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BACKUP_USB_ROOT=/mnt/usb # optional: copy finished backups to <root>/backups/ (auto-detects a mounted USB when unset)
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HEALTH_BACKUP_MAX_AGE_DAYS=3 # WARN if newest backup older (default 2)
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# ~/.config/linux_post_install/notify.env
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NOTIFY_PLATFORM=telegram
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```
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### Daily digest (automated)
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Run the health report on a timer with a scheduled job (no systemd unit needed):
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```bash
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pos system schedule config # add a job: INTERVAL=daily,
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# COMMAND=pos system health --send --markdown
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systemctl --user list-timers | grep pos-schedule
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pos system schedule run <name> # run once now
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```
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The old `pos-health.{service,timer}` systemd units are gone — a legacy install
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may still have them failed/leftover; disable and remove them:
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```bash
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sudo systemctl disable --now pos-health.timer pos-health.service 2>/dev/null
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sudo rm -f /etc/systemd/system/pos-health.{service,timer} && sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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```
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**Recipes:**
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- Watch the backup age without email: add the daily digest job; if the backup
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check turns WARN you'll see it in the morning report.
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- Exit code in a cron/scheduled check:
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`pos system health >/dev/null 2>&1 || notify_send "health FAIL"`.
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**Troubleshooting:**
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- `[WARN] fail2ban installed but not running` → expected unless you have it
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active; start it (`sudo systemctl enable --now fail2ban`) or ignore.
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- `[FAIL] services: nbd-server.service …` → a failed unit; inspect with
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`systemctl status <unit>`.
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- `--send` prints a warn and exits 0 when no platform is configured — by design
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(see [communication](communication.md)).
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---
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## `pos system backup` — encrypted folder snapshots
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```bash
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pos system backup <folder-path> # encrypt to ./<name>_<date>.tar.gz.gpg
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pos system backup --service # pick a folder from /srv + ~/srv
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```
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Uses `sudo tar` + gpg AES-256. The password is prompted **twice and never
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stored**; the artifact is `chmod 600`. On success (and on failure, via ERR
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trap) a `notify_send` alert is sent.
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`--service` lists folders under the roots in `BACKUP_SERVICE_ROOTS`
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(default `/srv $HOME/srv`; override via `system.env` or env) and lets you pick.
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### Copy to a USB stick
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After the archive verifies, connected USB storage is **detected** (so a stick
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plugged in while the backup was running is found — if none is mounted you get
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one chance to plug one in and re-check) and you're asked whether to copy the
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backup there. The copy lands in `<usb>/backups/` and is **verified 100%**
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(sha256 source vs copy) before any success is announced:
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```bash
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pos system backup ~/Documents
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# ... after the archive verifies:
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# [!] No USB storage detected
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# Plug a USB drive in now and press Enter to re-check (or 's' to skip):
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# [+] Copying to /media/you/USB-DISK/backups/docs_2026-08-13.tar.gz.gpg ...
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# OK Transfer verified 100% (sha256 match): .../backups/docs_2026-08-13.tar.gz.gpg
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```
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- Multiple sticks mounted → pick by number; `0` skips; `n`/EOF skips silently
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(cron runs never block).
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- Pin a fixed stick (no detection, no prompt on cron) with
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`BACKUP_USB_ROOT=/mnt/usb` in `system.env` — the copy still lands in
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`<root>/backups/` and is still sha256-verified.
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### Recipes
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- **Nightly service backup + health check:**
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```bash
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cd ~/backups && pos system backup --service
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pos system health # "backup: 0d old" turns OK
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```
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- **Cron it and get alerted:**
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```bash
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30 3 * * * cd ~/backups && pos system backup --service >> ~/backups/backup.log 2>&1
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```
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Success/failure are sent to Telegram automatically.
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**Troubleshooting:**
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- "Root not found: …" → the default roots don't exist; set `BACKUP_SERVICE_ROOTS`
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in `system.env`.
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- Forgot the password → backups are unrecoverable; keep the passphrase in a
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password manager. Nothing is stored anywhere else.
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- `sudo tar` prompt: ensure the user has sudo rights for the source dir.
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- "USB copy FAILED verification — checksum mismatch" → the copy is corrupt
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(bad stick or transfer); the local archive is untouched — copy it again
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manually and replace the file on the stick.
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---
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## `pos system firewall` — interactive UFW ("UFW POWER")
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**Must run as root:**
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```bash
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sudo pos system firewall
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```
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Interactive menu: add rule (port/service/IP/directional), delete by number or
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text, status (simple/verbose/numbered), enable/disable/reset, default policies,
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and an executed-command history. Supports `--dry-run`:
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```bash
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sudo pos system firewall --dry-run
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```
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Every command is **previewed and confirmed** before execution. Executed
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mutating changes are announced via `notify_send` (read-only `ufw status` is
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not).
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### Recipes
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- Open SSH + a service:
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`add rule → port/service → 22/tcp`, then `8080/tcp`; finish with `enable`.
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- See current rules for deletion: menu `3) Show status → numbered`.
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- `--dry-run` to rehearse a rule batch safely.
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**Troubleshooting:**
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- "Please run as root" → you need `sudo pos system firewall` (the notify config
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still uses your user's `$HOME`, so alerts keep working).
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- Accidentally locked yourself out of SSH → console into the host,
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`sudo ufw allow 22/tcp`, then `sudo ufw reload`.
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- `ufw reset` requires typing `RESET` — deliberate.
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## Related
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- Reference: [DOC/POS.md → system](../POS.md)
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- Notify platform config: [communication.md](communication.md)
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- Backup roots shared with health: `system.env` ([DOC/POS.md](../POS.md))
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